species_1 -> 0 species_2 -> 0 species_3 -> 0 species_4 -> 0 species_3 -> species_1 + species_3 species_4 -> species_2 + species_4 species_2 -> species_2 + species_3 species_1 -> species_1 + species_4 species_4 -> species_1 + species_4